Abhyanga –
An Ayurvedic process. A deeply penetrating herbal oil massage that relaxes body and mind, breaks up impurities, and stimulates circulation of blood and lymph. Aids in detoxifying tissues and increase bodily awareness.

Acai –
Brazilian fruit, rich in nutrients and antioxidants used to prevent premature aging and promote cardiovascular health.

Acupressure –
Traditional Oriental pressure-point massage used to increase the body’s flow of energy.

Acupuncture –
Traditional Oriental healing methods based on Taoist philosophy; needles are inserted into specific points on the body for healing purposes.

Actenic Keratosis –
Precancerous growths that develop from reoccurring sun damage.

Adjuvant Therapy –
A treatment given in conjunction with the desired primary treatment in order to enhance the overall effectiveness of the primary treatment.

Adrenal Gland –
An endocrine gland located on top of the kidneys.

Aesclepions –
Greek healing centers named after the philosopher and healer, Aescleopios; these centers are thought to be evidence of ancient spa and healing techniques.

Aerobics –
Any sustained rhythmic exercise (walking, jogging, dancing) that uses the large muscle groups and increases the efficiency of the circulatory and respiratory systems.

Aesthetic Medicine –
Use of equipment, such as lasers, to remove scars and blemishes to leave skin looking youthful; administered by a medical professional within their scope of practice.

Albino –
A person with no pigment in eyes, hair, and skin.

Algotherapy –
A heated seaweed bath that is a form of thalassotherapy. The seaweed acts as an anti-inflammatory treatment and can reduce pain.

Alkalarian –
A person and/or diet that emphasizes use of alkaline food, drink, and lifestyle in order to maintain a balanced acid-alkaline body chemistry for optimal health and vitality.

Alkali –
A substance used to neutralize acids; capable of making soaps from fats.

Alkaline –
A non-acid substance, or base, with a pH greater than 7; usually contains above average amounts of sodium, potassium, magnesium, or calcium.

Alopecia –
Hair deficiency; baldness.

Amenity or Resort Spa –
A spa facility located within a resort or luxury hotel.

Anabolism –
Constructive metabolism; the process of converting living matter to living substances.

Anagen Phase –
The early phase of the hair cycle wherein hair synthesis takes place.

Anagen Stage –
The critical and optimum stage to extract hair beacuse it is the only stage that will provide permanent results of any sort.

Anaphoresis –
The process of forcing liquids into body tissues from the negative to positive pole.

Androgen –
Hormones that control the development of male characteristics; also the hormone that causes abnormal hair growth.

Anerobics –
Opposite of aerobic exercise, the body uses more oxygen than it takes in, such as in weightlifting or bodybuilding.

Angioma –
A tumor formed of lymphatics and blood vessels.

Anidrosis –
Perspiration deficiency.

Anode –
The positive portion of an electric force

Antibiotic –
Substance produced by microorganisms that destroy or inhibit other competitive organisms

Aquaerobics/Acquacize –
Exercise using water resistance to strengthen and tone muscles.

Aqua Massage –
Hydrotherapy technique in which a person is submerged in a tub of water and massaged by underwater jets, or hand held jets used by a therapist.

Aqueous –
Pertaining to water, or watery.

Arbutin –
A natural skin lightening agent consisting of glucose and hydroquinone; derived from bearberry extract.

Aromatherapy –
Spa treatments, such as massage and body wraps that incorporate fragrant essential oils with various therapeutic benefits.

Asanas –
Yoga poses or postures.

Asepsis –
An absence of pathogenic bacteria.

Ashiatsu –
“Ashi” meaning “foot” and “atsu” meaning “pressure”, in this luxurious deep tissue massage the therapist walks along the client’s back.

Aslan Therapy –
Developed Dr. Ana Aslan of Romania as an anti-aging formula and procedure, using Gerovital H3 and Aslavital or Novocain.

Ascorbic Acid –
Vitimin C, an essential nutrient found mainly in fruits and vegetables; the body requires it to form and maintain bone, blood vessels, and skin, an organiuc compound

Asteatosis –
An absence or deficiency or sebaceous secretions.

Astrigent –
Substance that dries or tightens the surface in on which it is applied.

Atom –
The smallest quantity of an element.

Atomize –
Reduce to a fine spray or minute particles.

Atrophy –
A process in which body tissues waste away due to lack of nutrients.

Auricle –
The external ear; also the upper cavities of the hearth.

Axilla –
Under arm hair.

Ayurveda –
An Eastern Indian medicinal philosophy using herbal treatments and hot oils, combined with meditation, nutrition and aromatherapy to create an overall balance of self. The Ayurvedic body functions, called doshas, consist of Vata, referring to blood, circulation, and healing; Pitta, referring to heat and metabolism; and Kapha, the structure of one’s spiritual and philosophical self.

Ayurvedic Massage –
Similar to the Swedish massage, but with specially formulated fragrant oils, mixed specifically to a client’s doshas.

B

B–Lymphocytes –
Immune system cells that produce antibodies

Bad –
The German term for bath. Many German spa towns use “Bad” in their name to refer to the town’s emphasis on their mineral springs.

Baden –
The German term for bathing

Baden-Baden –
A famous spa town located in Germany

Baden bei Wien –
A spa town located near Vienna, Austria

Balneotherapy –
A therapeutic procedure using purified, mineral, or salt water to improve circulation and the immune system, and relieve various ailments, such as stress and arthritis.

Basel Cell Carcinoma –
Cancer of the basel cell.

Basti –
An Ayurvedic herbal cleansing treatment designed to pull toxins from the colon.

Benign –
Mild; non-cancerous.

Bentonite –
Clay used as an absorbent in cosmetics.

Benzophenones –
Sunscreen used in cosmetics to combat UV rays.

Beta–Carotene –
A precursor that helps form retinol (vitamin A)

Biofeedback –
A process used to better understand human behavior in order to develop modification programs to promote well being. The process involves tracking physiological activities and habit patterns using electronic instruments, and recording the data in order to help people better understand their body and change any unwanted patterns.

Bioflavonoid –
Large range of substances containing many fruits and vegetables know to have strong antioxidants to fight cancer, and regulate gene activity.

Blackhead –
An open comedone; plug of sebaceous matter.

Body Brushing –
Dry brushing the skin to remove dead skin cells and stimulate circulation. Also called dry brushing.

Body Composition Analysis –
An evaluation process used to establish the percentage ratio of body fat to lean muscle; assists in determining individual nutrition and exercise programs.

Body Polishing –
Use of various scrubs to exfoliate skin and remove dead skin cells and cleanse the body.

Boil –
Subcutaneous abscess.

Borage Seed Extract –
Contains anti–irritant and anti–inflammatory properties.

Boreh –
Balinese cleansing and exfoliating body treatment using herbs, seeds, grains, special oils and grated carrots to stimulate and increases circulation. Not recommended for pregnant women.

Brush and Tone –
Body brushing treatment followed by an application of hydrating oils or moisturizers to soften skin.

Buffer –
Solution that reacts with acids and bases to limit changes in pH.

Bulla –
Blister.

C

Callous –
Skin that has thickened, usually on the feet and hands at points of pressure or friction.

Cartilage –
A non-vascular connective tissues; softer than bone.

Catagen Phase –
The transitional phase between hair growth and the inactive hair follicle phase.

Catalyst –
Substance that increases the yield of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the reaction product.

Cataphoreisis –
The process of forcing medicinal substances into deep tissues using galvanic current from positive to negative.

Chair Massage –
A brief backrub usually performed in a portable massage chair to relieve stress and increase well-being; common to workplace settings.

Chemical Peel –
Chemically removes the top layer of dried or damaged skin to reveal a more even texture and fresh skin layer.

Chi-Kung (see Qigong)

Chi Nei Tsang –
A massage of the abdomen using circular strokes to alleviate bloating and constipation, and improve digestion.

Cholesterol –
A steroid alcohol sterol made by the liver and present in all animal cells; important to the body as a constituent of cell membranes, and is involved in the formation of bile acid and some hormones

Cillia –
The eyelashes.

Circuit Training –
Exercise routine using weight training equipment that combines resistance with aerobics.

Clay Wrap –
Natural clay is applied to skin to remove toxins and ease muscle pain.

Clinical Esthetician –
A skin care specialist in a medical environment trained to work with skin ailments.

Club Hair –
Non-living hair that is detached from the lower part of the hair follicle, after telogen phase. See also telogen phase.

Cold Plunge –
Person is immersed in a pool of cold water after a sauna treatment to increase circulation.

Collagen –
The main connective tissue of the skin; responsible for strengthening skin.

Colonic –
The process of cleansing the colon of toxins with an enema developed specifically for the individual.

Color Therapy –
Based on the idea that certain color frequencies hold specific healing energy; applying certain color rays to various areas of the body may correct physical imbalances and promote healing. It is also believed that color induces mood changes in a person, for example increases or suppresses appetite, calming effects, etc.

Complementary Medicine –
Non-traditional forms of medicinal treatments such as herbs, vitamins, and massage; used to relieve various maladies.

Cones –
A light-sensitive cell of one of the two types present in retina of the eye, responding mainly to bright light and responsible for color perception.

Constitutive Skin Color –
Natural skin color.

Cortex –
Middle layer of the hair shaft.

Corundum –
Extremely hard aluminum oxide, used as an abrasive; ruby and saphire are varieties of Corundum.

Cosmeceuticals –
Cosmetic products that offer therapeutic benefits, such as nutrients and anti-aging elements, along with beautifying and enhancing the skin.

Cosmetic Acne –
Acne associated with the use of cosmetics and comedogenic ingredients;also known as cosmetica.

Craniosacral Therapy –
Massage therapy for the head and neck.

Crenotherapy –
Treatments incorporating vapor, mineral water, and mud.

Cryoelectrophoresis –
Technique for deep conveyance of frozen natural active substances through the skin, to reach a specific target, using electrical impulses.

Cryogenic –
Used to describe systems at very low temperatures.

Cuticle –
The tissue that connects the skin of the finger and the nail plate; also called eponychium.

Cytology –
The study of cells at the microscopic level.

Cytoplasm –
Living matter that surrounds the nucleus of a cell.

D

Dancercize –
Aerobic routine using dance

Day Spa –
A facility offering a variety of spa treatments performed by trained professionals; salons that offer spa treatments are referred to as “Salon and Day Spa” , “Spalon” or similar. Visitors can come for a few hours during the day. Overnight accommodations are not available.

Dead Sea Mud Treatment –
Detoxification and exfoliation process using mineral-rich mud from the Dead Sea.

Dental Spa and/or Spa Dentistry –
A facility whose dental program is run under the strict supervision of a licensed dentist. Services are provided that integrate both traditional and non-traditional dental and spa treatments (such as massage therapy, skincare and body treatments).

Dermabrasion –
Procedure for smoothing skin by abrading the outer layer with a rotating metal wire.

Dermal Epidermal Junction –
The portion of the skin where the dermis and epidermis connect.

Dermal Papilla –
Contains capillaries that give nourishment to hair.

Dermaplanting –
Procedure for smoothing skin by shaving off the outer layer of the skin.

Dermatosis –
Any form of skin disease.

Desquamation –
Cellular renewal process of the epidermis.

Direct Current –
An even, uninterrupted flow of current.

Doshas –
Refers to the three Ayurvedic body functions, consisting of Vata, referring to blood, circulation, and healing; Pitta, heat and metabolism; and Kapha, the structure of one’s spiritual and philosophical self.

Dulse Scrub –
Exfoliating body treatment using dulse seaweed powder, hydrated with water or essential oils.

Duo Massage –
Synchronous massage treatment performed by two therapists on one person.

Dysplastic Nevi –
A mole with an atypical appearance.

E

Edema –
An excessive accumulation of serous fluid in tissue spaces or a body cavity.

Electrologist –
Somebody who removes moles, warts, or body hair by electrolysis.

Endermologie –
A French massage technique used to improve skin quality and define the figure by reducing the appearance of cellulite; performed by a trained esthetician, regular treatments recommended.

Endothermic –
Chemical reaction that absorbs heat.

Effleurage –
Quick, long massage strokes used in the beginning and end of the treatment.

Electrolysis –
Decomposing a chemical compound using electricity.

Epilation –
To remove hair by the root.

Erythema –
A redness, or blush, of the skin.

Erythrocyte –
Red blood cell.

Esoteric –
New Age massage-like therapy in which hands never touch the body. It is believed to balance energy fields.

Essential Oils –
An aromatic, liquid substance extracted from various plants used as part of a cosmetic or therapeutic treatment, such as aromatherapy.

Esthetician –
A skin care professional specializing in both heath and beauty skin treatments.

European Facial –
A skin treatment that includes a deep cleansing facial, including the removal of white and black heads often through “manual squeezing”, and massage of the face and shoulders to refine the skin; followed by a special hydrating masque.

Exfoliation –
The process of removing dead skin cells, while also improving circulation and increasing relaxation.

Exothermic –
Chemical reaction that gives off heat.

Extrinsic Aging –
Aging caused by the external environment; photo aging.

F

Facial –
A deep cleansing treatment of the face; often includes massaging, toning, steaming, exfoliating and moisturizing.

Fascia –
A fibrous connective tissue that surrounds and protects muscles and organs in the body.

Facial Rejuvenation –
Uses gentle, reflexology-type massage to relax facial muscles and freshen up your appearance. May temporarily reduce tension-induced wrinkles.

Facultative Skin Color –
Skin color enhanced by the sun.

Fango Mud –
Mineral-rich Italian grey mud used to detoxify and re-mineralize.

Fango Therapy –
Treatment using different types of mineral-rich mud to exfoliate the skin and remove toxins from the body through pores.

Fatty Acid –
An acid made from the saturated portions of open chains of hydrocarbons.

Fibroblast –
A cell that makes connective tissue, such as collagen.

Flotation Tank –
A relaxation and stress reduction treatment using a tank filled with enough salt water so a person can float effortlessly; often times, light and music therapies are used to enhance the process.

Food and Drug Administration –
The national regulatory system that is responsible for the safety and purity of food, drugs and cosmetics.

Free Fatty Acid –
Inflammatory byproduct formed within the follicle when bacteria digest sebum.

Free Fatty Acids –
Irritating byproduct formed by the breakdown of triclycerides.

Free Radical –
Any molecule or atom that has at least one unpaired electron, and can exist independently.

Fulling –
A massage movement wherein the patient’s limbs are rolled back and forth between the therapist’s hands.

G

Garshan –
Dry skin brushed with either a silk or wool glove. Enhances circulation and exfoliates skin, preparing body for subsequent oil or herbal treatments.

Glycerol –
Byproduct of the breakdown of the of the triglyceride portion of sebum that bacteria feed on.

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGS) –
Large molecules in the dermis that contain sugar and protein that help keep the skin moist.

Gommage –
Creams applied to the body in long strokes, (if to the face, use short, quick strokes) to cleanse and hydrate the skin.

H

Hacking –
A massage stroke made by a chopping motion with the side of the hand.

Hair Bulb –
The lower extremity of the hair.

Hair Density –
The number of hairs per square inch of the body or scalp.

Hair Folicle –
The portion of the skin containing the hair root.

Hair Root –
The portion of the hair within the follicle.

Hair Shaft –
The segment of the hair that grows beyond the skin.

Hammam –
Turkish/Middle Eastern steam bathhouse.

Hatha Yoga –
System of yoga that focuses on physical exercise to gain control of the body.

Hospital Spas –
Spas located on site in hospitals designed to assist in the healing and comfort of patients. Often combined with Women’s Health Clinics.

Henna (Middle Eastern)/Mehndi (Indian/Pakistani) –
A natural plant substance decoratively applied to women as part of a ritual or ceremony, such as marriage. Henna is mixed with a liquid, and elaborate patterns are painted on various body parts, such as hands and feet.

Herbal Wrap –
This detoxification process involves herb-soaked linen sheets wrapped tightly around the body for about 30 minutes. The person is covered with a blanket and has a cold compress applied to the forehead. Not recommended for those with heart conditions, high blood pressure, or pregnant women.

Herbalism –
A health alternative to treating certain ailments with plants and plant extracts.

Hirsuate –
Coarse long hair.

Hirsutism –
Reference to masculine-like hair on a woman’s face or body.

Holistic Medicine –
Similar to herbalism, or all natural treatments, it also incorporates other forms of non-traditional techniques, focusing on the relationship of being one with all elements.

Homeopathy –
A form of medicine where patients are treated with natural substances, in miniscule doses, to create similar symptoms to those of the disease being treated; a practicing physician is called a Homeopathic M.D.

Homogeneous –
Of uniform nature or quality

Hormones –
Substances that regulate growth and metabolism.

Hot Stone Massage –
Technique using smooth, warm stones applied with pressure, in strokes, or rested on the body.

Hydrocarbon –
Compound composed of hydrogen and carbon.

Hydrocortisone –
Hormone produced by adrenals that can also be created synthetically. Anti –inflammatory benefits, but prolonged use can destroy collagen and cause skin fragility.

Hydrophilic –
Compounds that dissolve easily in water and usually have a positive or negative charge; “water loving”.

Hydrophobic –
Compounds that do not dissolve easily in water, such as oil; “water fearing”.

Hydrotherapy –
Therapy using fresh spring water. See also balneotherapy

Hydrotub –
Jetted tub used in various hydrotherapy procedures.

Hypoallergenic –
Term used to state a product will not cause an allergic reaction or sensitivity to the skin.

Hyponychium -
The junction between the nail plate and the fingertip; provides a waterproof barrier.

Hypothalamus –
The portion of the brain that regulates the metabolic process; strongly influences the pituitary gland.

I

Impaction –
Clogged pore.

Indian Head Massage –
Massage of scalp and neck to relieve tension.

Inhalation Therapy –
Treatments involving the inhalation of steam; may be enhanced with medicine or natural herb substances. The process is used for respiratory, pulmonary or sinus related ailments.

Interferons –
Proteins produced by white blood cells that help the body fight against disease; manufactured forms are often used to build cancer patients’ immune systems.

Intrinsic Aging –
Aging due to genetic composition.

Ionization –
A form of thalassotherapy using salt water that has been ionized with negative ions, may be sprayed on or inhaled.

Ionophoresis –
Passing direct current electricity through a particular part of the body between two electrodes, one of which is made of a simple place of conductive material and the other being made of a small sponge soaked with a aqueous solution of the substance to be introduced to the body through the skin in the form of ions.

J

Japanese Enzyme Bath –
Wooden tub filled with fibrous material (such as wood chips) and plant enzymes that naturally ferment to create a heated substance. Person is submerged in the mixture to sweat out toxins. Stimulates metabolism and increases relaxation. Treatment time should not exceed one hour.

Japanese Facial –
Facial energizing technique used to stimulate acupressure points on the face and scalp; believed to help keep youthful appearance.

Javanse Lulur Treatment –
A traditional Indonesian prenuptial treatment combining massage, exfoliation, and bathing.

K

Kapha –
An Ayurvedic body function meaning the structure of one’s spiritual and philosophical self. See also Doshas.

Keloid –
An overgrowth of fibrous tissues; a scar.

Keratin –
A protein that is the main constituent of the skin, hair, and nails.

Kinesitherapy –
Treatment involving passive or active movements of body parts in order to tone muscles and enhance circulation; also known as physiotherapy.

Kneipp Baths –
In this therapeutic healing process, herbal or mineral baths are used in conjunction with nutrition and exercise. Changing between hot and cold baths is a vital healing element in this process. Developed in Germany by Father Sebastian Kneipp.

Kur –
The German term for "cure". " In European countries, the Kur, or “taking the waters” refers to the healing aspects that mineral waters hold; many people drink or soak in the healing properties of the waters.

L

Laconium –
Dry heat chambers used prior to some treatments to open pores and detoxify the skin; often used with cold packs or plunge pools.

Laser –
Acronym: Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission or Radiation; produces a concentrated beam of light that can dissolve tissue and is used in surgery and hair removal, especially on small or tender areas.

Laser treatments –
Treatments performed by medical professional using lasers to reduce blemishes, wrinkles or other imperfections of the skin and body.

Lentigo –
A freckle.

Leucoderma –
Abnormal white patches on the skin.

Light Therapy
Exposes skin to controlled ultraviolet light in order to treat various skin conditions.

Lipase –
Enzyme involved in splitting triclycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.

Lomi-lomi –
Hawaiian body treatment that uses long and expansive massage strokes in a rocking motion; therapists may occasionally walk on patients’ backs to enhance the massage treatment.

Loofah Scrub –
The dried sponge from the loofah plant is used as a tool in massage to exfoliate dead skin cells and improve circulation.

Lulur –
Indonesian body treatment usually involving massage, exfoliation using spices, grains and seeds, followed by a hot shower in order to open the pores. The patient is then covered with yogurt and sent to soak in a soothing bath of flower petals and essential oils.

Lunula –
The semi-circular, white shape at the base of the nail.

Lymph Drainage –
Lymphatic system massage treatment to reduce water retention, increase circulation and drain toxins from the body.

M

Mandi Susu –
Indonesian bath using milk, buttermilk, or yogurt.

Marine Hydrotherapy –
A form of thalassotherapy using water jets to massage and reduce pain, and increase circulation.

Matrix –
The formative part of the nail.

Medical Esthetician –
Skin care specialist who works with a physician in a medical setting, usually before and after cosmetic surgery.

Medical Massage –
Therapeutic massage applied to painful areas to release trapped muscles or to counter ischemia, a condition in which the blood doesn’t flow properly to the muscles.

Medical Spa –
A spa that includes medical therapeutic treatments along with the customary spa treatments. A doctor or other health care professional must oversee all medical treatments. Many doctors, such as plastic surgeons and dermatologist are offering spa treatments to aid in their patients’ healing processes and comfort levels. According to the International Medical Spa Association: A medical spa is a facility that operates under the full-time, on-site supervision of a licensed health care professional. The facility operates within the scope of practice of its staff, and offers traditional, complementary, and alternative health practices and treatments in a spa-like setting. Practitioners working within a medical spa will be governed by their appropriate licensing board, if licensure is required.

Meditation –
A form of concentration usually focused around breathing, relaxation, clearing one’s thoughts and becoming one with the inner and outer self.

Mehndi (see Henna)

Melanin –
Pigment in the skin.

Melanocyte –
The cell that produces melanin.

Melanogenesis –
Synthesis of melanin.

Melanoma –
A type of skin cancer found in the cells that produce pigment. This cancer can be deadly and is often caused by overexposure to the sun, especially during childhood and teenage years.

Melanosomes –
The membrane packet that contains melanin.

Melasma –
Pigmentation of the face, most commonly on the malar area(the upper cheek), bridge of the nose, forehead, and upper lip, that occurs in half of women during pregnacy; birth control pills can cause melasma; hormone therapy after menopause does not cause the condition.

Mesotherapy –
A series of nutraceutical injections to the middle layer (mesoderm) of the skin to dissolve fat and reduce cellulite. Mesotherapy is a non-invasive procedure that must be administered by a medical professional.

Microcomedone –
Tiny comedone, naked to the visible eye, but felt within the hands.

Mitosis –
Process of cell division.

Moor –
German for mud

Moor Peat Bath –
Nutrient-rich bath consisting of organic materials; relieves stiffness and pain.

Morphology –
Massage focused on specific digestive areas in order to improve digestion and eliminate waste. Specialized training required.

Mud –
Nutrient-rich mud compounds used in various spa treatments to exfoliate and rejuvenate skin. Usually contains therapeutic minerals that claim to have detoxifying and healing effects to aid in the relief of ailments such as rheumatism, inflammation of nerves, etc.

Myofascial Release –
Various massage techniques dedicated to smoothing away knots in the fascia – connective tissues that hold muscles together. The best way to smooth fascia knots is through Rolfing, which can be painful.

N

Nail Bed –
The skin beneath the nail.

Nail Folds –
The skin that frames the nail around three sides.

Nail Plate –
The visible part of the nail.

Nasya –
Specifically prescribed herbs and oils are inhaled through the nose. Clears sinuses and helps relieve nasal passage dryness.

Naturopathy –
Natural healing procedures and medicines using natural substances, such as flowers and plants.

N.D. –
Naturopathic physician

Neuromuscular –
Finger pressure is applied to pressure points. Similar to shiatsu in feel, but more focused on relieving pain; used for breaking cycles of muscle spasms.

Nevus –
A non-cancerous growth on the skin.

NIA (Neuromuscular Integrative Action) –
Exercise routine combining yoga, martial arts and various dance steps.

Nutraceuticals –
Skin care formulas using food ingredients for their natural revitalizing materials, such as pineapple enzymes, or exfoliation products containing nuts or seeds.

O

Onsen –
A natural Japanese mineral thermal spring.

Organelle –
Part of a cell.

Oshandhi –
Warm, moist herbal wrap using dosha-specific oils. Calms and relaxes the physiology, while encouraging the elimination of toxins.

Oscillating –
To swing back and forth with a steady, uninterrupted rhythm.

Oxidation –
The process of an atom or molecule losing an electron; adding oxygen to a substance.

Oxygen Facial –
Facial treatment using oxygen and various nutrients (spray or topical application) to revitalize collagen levels in the skin in order to enhance youthfulness.

Oxygenate –
Cleansing and revitalizing facial skin using pure oxygen. Regular treatments can reduce premature aging.

Ozokerite –
Mineral used as a thickening agent in cosmetics, especially lipsticks and stick foundations.

P

P. Acnes –
Bacteria associated with the sebaceous follicle.

Panchakarma –
Ayurvedic purification treatments incorporating essential oils, massage and meditation.

Parafango –
A treatment incorporating paraffin and mineral-rich volcanic mud. See also Fango Therapy.

Paraffin –
Warm, melted wax enriched with hydrating substances such as menthol and essential oils.

Paraffin Wrap –
Melted paraffin wax is brushed on to help relax muscles and soften skin.

Parcours –
An outdoor trail that contains various exercise stations of increasing difficulty along the way. Trail is usually less than 2 miles; also spelled parcourse or called vitacourse.

Papule –
Pimple; small –circumscribed elevation on the skin containing no fluid.

pH –
Measurement of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of a solution of a scale of 1 –14 with anything below 7 being acidic and anything over 7 being alkaline.

Photo-aging –
Includes sun damage, fine lines, and discoloration.

Physiochineitherapy –
Therapy incorporating heat, light, electrical and mechanical movements to rejuvenate strength and flexibility.

Phytotherapy –
A system of Western herbal medicine, combining tradition with science.

Pilates –
Strength training and conditioning program Invented by Dr. Joseph Pilates of Germany. It uses specialized stretches to tone muscles, often performed on Pilates equipment or floor mats.

Pilo–Sebaceous Unit –
Unit comprised of the follicle, the hair and the sebaceous gland.

Piloga –
An exercise routine combining Pilates and yoga.

Pinda Swedana –
Deep massage using rice boiled in milk and herbs. Relaxing, rejuvenation, and detoxifying.

Pitta –
Term for one of Ayurvedic body functions, referring to heat and metabolism. See also Doshas.

Pituitary Gland –
The hormone-secreting gland found at the base of the brain that regulates hormones.

Pizichilli –
A continuous stream of warm herbal oil is poured over the body as two therapists gently massage.

Plunge Pools –
Two pools filled with hot and cold water revitalize circulation as the person immerses themselves in each, alternating hot and cold. Also known as Roman pools.

Polarity Massage –
Massage technique to promote balance of energy in the body; often incorporates gentle rocking motions. Developed by Dr. Randolph Stone.

Polysaccharide –
A sugar, such as glycogen, starch and cellulose; carbohydrate composed of many monosaccharide units.

Polypeptide –
A molecule made of many joined amino acids.

Prolotherapy –
An irritant solution is injected into soft tissues, such as ligaments or tendons, to promote healing in the area.

Pus –
Fluid product of inflammation, consisting of a liquid containing white blood cells, dead cell debris and tissue elements.

Pustule –
Pus filled lesion raised above the surface of the skin.

Q

Qigong –
Chinese exercise focusing on breathing and body movements to increase energy, balance and overall health. Also spelled Chi Kung.

R

Radon Therapy –
European spa Treatment involving an inert natural gas believed to stimulate organ functions and improve gland secretions without harmful effects of radiation.

Rakata Mokshana –
Traditionally, blood letting. Today this step is often used to cleanse the blood using herbs.

Rassoul –
Found in Morocco, this mineral-rich mud-like compound is used to revitalize and condition hair, and exfoliate facial skin.

Rassoul Chamber –
This treatment is designed for couples. Each is placed on heated porcelain and affectionately applies rassoul mud to their partner. The setting of soothing music and romantic lighting is used to stimulate emotion as the mud dries.

Rasul –
Body treatment beginning with a warm shower using seaweed soap, followed by mud application, and completed with an herbal steam bath.

Rebirthing –
A yoga breathing technique used with guided meditation to clear the mind.

Reflex –
An involuntary and immediate response to a stimulus.

Reflexology –
Shiatsu-like finger pressure is applied to pressure points on the hands and feet, which are believed to correspond to all glands and organs in the body. Used for relieving tension and improving circulation; also performed on the earlobes.

Reiki –
An ancient Japanese massage technique wherein the therapist uses stationary palm positioning and pressure to relieve specific tension points.

Retention Hyperkeratosis –
Newly formed cells accumulating and retained in a thickening layer along the follicle wall.

Reticular Dermis –
The portion of the dermis containing most of the connective tissue; located above the adipose layer of the skin.

Rhodopsin –
A reddish light sensitive pigment found in rod cells of retina.

Rods –
A light-sensitive cell of one of the types present in larger numbers in the retina of the eye, responsible mainly for monochrome vision in poor light.

Rolfing –
System developed by biochemist Ida Rolf, designed to improve energy flow and relieve stress through deep manipulation of muscles, bones and joints; can be painful due to deep muscle manipulation.

Roman Bath –
Developed in ancient Rome, a whirlpool bath alternating warm, hot and cold water to improve circulation.

Rosen Method –
It is said that “the body remembers all of life’s traumas,” meaning experiences and memories are stored in the body in the form of stress, causing chronic muscular tension and pain. By meeting the tension with gentle hand pressure, monitoring the breathing and asking questions, the practitioner facilitates the release of stress and locked-up memories.

Russian Steambath
Sauna-like chambers designed to treat the body with steam, heat and water. Alternating between hot and cold, massages are given in the chambers with oak leave branches soaked in hot soapy water

S

Salt Glow –
Rubbing coarse salt over the body to remove dead skin cells; often incorporates circular or long strokes to exfoliate and improve circulation. Not suitable for clients with high blood pressure or heart conditions.

Sauna –
A heated wooden room with benches for sitting as the dry heat opens pores and allows toxins to sweat out. It is recommended that it be followed by a cold shower or cold plunge to close pores. The process may be repeated.

Sciatic Nerve –
The nerve that runs down the back of the thighs.

Scotch Hose –
Water treatment using pressurized hoses on specific pressure points on the body, while alternating hot and cold water to relieve tension and improve circulation.
Seaweed Wrap –
A wrap incorporating seaweed and nutrient-rich marine algae.

Shiatsu –
Japanese acupressure massage technique; pressure applied with fingers, hands, elbows and feet.

Shiro-Abahyanga-Nasya –
Combines deep head, neck and shoulder massage with a facial lymphatic massage, followed by the inhalation of aromatic steam and a nasal and sinus Nasya with herbal nose drops; balances and alleviates most head, neck and respiratory disorders.

Shiro Dhara –
Ayurvedic treatment in which warm oil is gently poured over the center of the forehead and tenderly massaged into hair and scalp.

Shortwave –
A type of high-frequency current used to permanently remove hair.

Siddha Vaidya –
Ayurvedic medical treatment using plant substances to balance a person’s dosha. See also Kapha, Pitta, Vata.

Silicone-Based-Primer –
Applied after using moisturizer and sunscreen and locks the two in; protects skin from the sun, wind, and other environmental polluntants that are in the air; aids in slowing down weathering and aging of skin; fills the fine lines and crevices; helps maintain a protective barrier for the skin and still allows a natural, smooth texture(stein).

Sodium Hydroxide –
Lye, an alkaline ingredient used to modify ph of a formula. Also used as a cleansing agent.

Soft Pack System/Dry Floatation –
Patient sinks into a dry waterbed while wrapped in heated mud or herbal applications.

Solvent –
Large group of ingredients, including water, used to dissolve or break down other ingredients in a formula. Also used to degrease skin and reduce sebum.

Sound Therapy –
Using soothing sounds and tones to promote healing and the realignment of body rhythms.

S.P.A. –
An abbreviation for the Latin phrase “solus per aqua” , meaning “to enter by means of water”, or “health through water”.

Spa –
A Belgian town where Roman soldiers discovered the healing elements of the towns' mineral springs.

Spa –
A center for relaxation, rejuvenation, exercise, and various treatments (often involving massages, skin treatments, etc.) Various types of spas exist, including:
• AMENITY SPA or RESORT SPA - A spa facility located within a resort or luxury hotel.
• DAY SPA – A facility offering a variety of spa treatments performed by trained professionals; salons are often included. Visitors can come for a few hours during the day. Overnight accommodations are not available.
• DESTINATION SPA – An entire program of spa treatments laid out over the course of a few days. Overnight accommodations are available, and guests can participate in weight loss programs, exercise and healing treatments, along with the usual pampering. Guests at these facilities are all on a spa program, the only program that is being offered.
• MEDICAL SPA – A spa that includes medical therapeutic treatments along with the customary spa treatments. A doctor or other health care professional must oversee all medical treatments. Many doctors, such as plastic surgeons and dermatologist are offering spa treatments to aid in their patients’ healing processes and comfort levels. According to the International Medical Spa Association: A medical spa is a facility that operates under the full-time, on-site supervision of a licensed health care professional. The facility operates within the scope of practice of its staff, and offers traditional, complementary, and alternative health practices and treatments in a spa-like setting. Practitioners working within a medical spa will be governed by their appropriate licensing board, if licensure is required.
• HOSPITAL SPAS – Spas located on site in hospitals designed to assist in the healing and comfort of patients. Often combined with Women’s Health Clinics.
• WELLNESS CENTER – Owned by physicians or entrepreneurs - and encompass many of the same services as the medical/hospital facilities if physician owned. If privately owned, facilities will have a licensed healthcare professional as Medical Director.
Spa Cuisine –
Food served at a spa often consists of fresh fruits, vegetables, fish and whole grains to provide natural low-calorie and low-fat meals.

Spinning –
Stationary bicycle routine guided by an instructor. A video projection is often used to portray soothing scenes associated with outdoor cycling.

Sports Massage –
Massage done to relieve tension and specific muscle tightness caused by sports or other strenuous activities; often involves deep tissue massage strokes.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma –
Cancer of the cells that make up the outer layer of the skin or epidermis; appear like fish scales.

Steam Room –
Similar to a sauna, this room provides hot steam to open pores in order for toxins to exit the body.

Step Aerobics –
Aerobic exercise routine involving rhythmic stepping on and off a platform that is three or more inches high.

Stratum –
Tissue layers.

Stretch Marks –
Streaks or stripes on the skin, specially on the abdomen, caused by distension of the skin from obesity or during pregnacy.

Subcutaneous –
Under the skin.

Sufactant –
Substance that tends to reduce the surface tension of a liquid in which it is disolved.

Sun Protection Factor –
Often referred to as SPF; the rating for sunscreens. Recommended SPF 15 or higher.

Sweat Lodge –
A natural sauna made of heated rocks inside a mud hut, attributed to the Native American Indians. See also sauna.

Swedana –
An herbal steam treatment that reduces tension and releases toxins through the skin.

Swedish Massage –
Developed in the late 19th century by Par Heinrik Ling in Stockholm, this massage involves kneading, firm stroking and tapping of pressure points; lotions or oils are often used for lubrication.

Swiss Shower –
A multi-jet shower that alternates hot and cold water to relieve tension and improve circulation. Typically used after mud treatments or wraps.

Sympathetic Nervous System –
The system that controls involuntary muscles, affecting respiration, circulation and digestion.

T

T-Cell –
A lymphocyte that fights off unfamiliar invaders in the body.

Tactile Corpuscle –
Nerve endings within the skin.

Tai Chi –
Ancient Chinese martial arts involving slow, graceful movements while focusing on relaxed breathing and concentration.

Thalamus –
Either of the masses of grey matter lying between the cerebral hemispheres on either side of the third ventricle, relaying sensory information and acting as center for pain perception.

Telogen Phase –
The last phase in the hair cycle wherein the hair rests in the follicle until it is shed and the cycle begins again.

Telomeres –
The ends of chromosomes; involved in replication and stability of DNA.

Temazcal –
Aztec sweat lodge, dark, brick or stone filled with intense heat and steam to detoxify the body, while the dark relaxes the mind.

Terminal Hair –
The soft, long hair found on the legs, arms and scalp.

TEWL –
Trans Epidermal Water Loss; dehydration, or loss of water from the skin.

Thai Massage –
The therapist uses deep tissue and acupressure massage, along with yoga positioning as the patient lies on a floor mat. This massage helps align the skeletal system, ease muscle stiffness and promote relaxation.

Thalassotherapy –
From the Greek term "thalassa" or sea. Hydrotherapy treatment using fresh sea water and mineral-rich marine products that have curative properties.

Therapies –
Therapies designed especially for spa facilities to relax, modify, stimulate, and heal the body often contain the following prefixes:
• Aroma - essential oils
• Balneo – using hot spring mineral water
• Hydro - water
• Masso/Presso - manipulation of pressure points
• Physio- any of the masso/presso, thermal and mechanical adaptations
• Phyto - plant
• Radon- inert gas
• Thalasso – sea water and marine products
• Thermal - heat, wet and dry
Toxins –
Metabolic waste from the body.

Trager Massage –
Massage technique using gentle rhythmic rocking motions in order to relax the body and relieve tension from joints. Developed by Dr. Milton Trager.

Translucent –
(of a substance) Allowing light, but not detailed images, to pass through; semitransparent.

Trichosis –
Abnormal hair growth.

Triclosan –
Broad based antibacterial agent used in many products.

Triglyceride –
Fat substance, making up about 50% of sebum.

Tui Na –
Asian bodywork technique that combines the use of acupressure and massage to balance energy and flush toxins from the body.

Tumor –
An abnormal mass tissue that is a result of excessive cell division; they are not functional, and may or may not be cancerous.

Tyrosinase –
An enzyme that converts tyrosine into melanin.

U

Udvartina –
A deeply penetrating and exfoliating herbal paste massage. Conditions the skin while stimulating lymph and detoxifying the tissues.

Ultra Sound –
A therapy performed by a physical therapist or chiropractor using high-frequency sound waves in order to alleviate pain caused by injuries to the body. The frequency probe often incorporates heat into the process as well.

Underwater Massage –
A massage performed with various water pressure jets while a person is submerged in water. See also aqua massage.

UV Index –
A measurement of the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) rays.

V

Vacuomobilization –
A technique developed in France to improve skin conditions, such as wrinkles, scars or sagging, using suction cups of various strengths and sizes.

Vata –
Term for one of three Ayurvedic body functions, referring to blood, circulation, and healing. See also Doshas.

Vamana –
Vomiting therapy used to eliminate toxins from stomach and thoracic cavity; rarely used.

Vellus –
The fine, light-colored hair found everywhere on the body except the palms and soles.

Vibrissae –
Nostril hair; should not be treated with electrolysis.

Vichy Shower –
A cushioned mat or table with water jets suspended over head; often used in various treatments to rinse the body of mud, oils or other remnants, while also improving circulation.

Vishesh –
Deep muscular massage to improve circulation and break up knots within the muscle spindles.

Vitamin –
An organic molecule or substance – other than carbs, lipids, or proteins – that cannot be produced by the body.

W-Z

Watsu –
A relaxing massage treatment performed in a warm pool of water, combining shiatsu and deep tissue massage along with stretches to relieve stiffness.

Waxing –
Hair removal treatment using hot or cold wax.

Wellness Centers –
Owned by physicians or entrepreneurs - and encompass many of the same services as the medical/hospital facilities if physician owned. If privately owned, facilities will have a licensed healthcare professional as Medical Director.

Wen –
A sebaceous cyst usually found on the scalp.

Whirlpool –
A heated pool with high-pressured jets that circulate water. Jets are often focused on pressure points in order to reduce joint stiffness and muscles aches.

Whitehead –
Closed comedone.

Yoga –
Toning the body through various stretches and postures (see also Asanas). Involves controlled breathing and concentration that improves circulation, strength and flexibility.

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